"Bourbons and Water: Joaquín Velázquez de León and Joseph de Gurgaleta, Pérfil y corte por la latitude de las compuertas y puntos principales del canal de Huehuetoca (Mexico), 1795." In Mapping Latin America, pp. "Fabled Land: Walter Raleigh, map of Guiana (El Dorado)." In Mapping Latin America, pp. "Covering the Earth: Mapping the Walkabout in Andean Pueblos de Indios" in Latin American Research Review, 42 (2007): 129-160. Carta General de la República Mexicana 1858" in Mapping Latin America, pp. "Historical Geographies: Antonio García Cubas. "Imperial Rivalries: Herman Moll, A Map of the West Indies…explaining what belongs to Spain, England, and France, etc., 1775." In Mapping Latin America, pp. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2011. ^ Mapping Latin America: A Cartographic Reader.Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1996. The Mapping of New Spain: Indigenous Cartography and the Maps of the Relaciones Geográficas. "The Relaciones Geográficas of the Spanish Indies, 1577-1586." Hispanic American Historical Review 44 (1964) 341-374. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1991.
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"Maps for Political Propaganda." In How to Lie with Maps, 87-112. "Projecting Order: Plano fundacional de San Juan de la Frontera (Argentina)." In Mapping Latin America, p. As Latin America nation-states coalesced following independence in the early nineteenth century, map making was a standard national project.
When other European powers began exploring and settling the zones that Spain and Portugal had claimed as their own, maps began to delineate the boundaries between empires.
A useful collection of articles pointing to some major issues in New World cartography has recently appeared. with written descriptions and usually a map. The Spanish crown mandated the creation of reports from indigenous towns in New Spain, the Relaciones geográficas, a major state-directed project for gathering information. Maps for Spain also projected "its particular sense of order, religion, and justice, or what was understood as policía in its new colonies." Maps could be a form of propaganda empires used maps as a means to assert sovereignty over territory, even when the situation on the ground did not merit it. Indigenous groups created maps of their territories, some of which predated the arrival of the Europeans. They also speculated on the lands that were marked terra incognita. Both the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire began mapping the realms they explored and settled. Cartography of Latin America, map-making of the realms in the Western Hemisphere, was an important aim of European powers expanding into the New World.
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